本文共 16547 字，大约阅读时间需要 55 分钟。
今天在群里面看到一个很有意思的面试题：这是一道非常好的面试题，非常能彰显被面者关于多线程的功力，一下子就勾起了我的兴趣。这里抛砖引玉，给出7种想到的解法。
通用代码：
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;/** * Created by Edison Xu on 2017/3/2. */public enum Helper { instance; private static final ExecutorService tPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); public static String[] buildNoArr(int max) { String[] noArr = new String[max]; for(int i=0;i
synchronized、notify、wait：public class MethodOne { private final ThreadToGo threadToGo = new ThreadToGo(); public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { try { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { synchronized (threadToGo) { while (threadToGo.value == 2) threadToGo.wait(); Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); threadToGo.value = 2; threadToGo.notify(); } } } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Oops..."); } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { try { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { synchronized (threadToGo) { while (threadToGo.value == 1) threadToGo.wait(); Helper.print(arr[i]); threadToGo.value = 1; threadToGo.notify(); } } } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Oops..."); } } }; } class ThreadToGo { int value = 1; } public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { MethodOne one = new MethodOne(); Helper.instance.run(one.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(one.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); }} Lock和Condition：public class MethodTwo { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(true); private Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); private final ThreadToGo threadToGo = new ThreadToGo(); public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { try { lock.lock(); while(threadToGo.value == 2) condition.await(); Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); threadToGo.value = 2; condition.signal(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { try { lock.lock(); while(threadToGo.value == 1) condition.await(); Helper.print(arr[i]); threadToGo.value = 1; condition.signal(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } } }; } class ThreadToGo { int value = 1; } public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { MethodTwo two = new MethodTwo(); Helper.instance.run(two.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(two.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); }}c. 利用volatile： volatile 修饰的变量值直接存在main memory里面，子线程对该变量的读写直接写入main memory，而不是像其它变量一样在local thread里面产生一份copy。 volatile 能保证所修饰的变量对于多个线程可见性，即只要被修改，其它线程读到的一定是最新的值。 public class MethodThree { private volatile ThreadToGo threadToGo = new ThreadToGo(); class ThreadToGo { int value = 1; } public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { while(threadToGo.value==2){} Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); threadToGo.value=2; } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { while(threadToGo.value==1){} Helper.print(arr[i]); threadToGo.value=1; } } }; } public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { MethodThree three = new MethodThree(); Helper.instance.run(three.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(three.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); }} AtomicInteger：public class MethodFive { private AtomicInteger threadToGo = new AtomicInteger(1); public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { while(threadToGo.get()==2){} Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); threadToGo.set(2); } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { while(threadToGo.get()==1){} Helper.print(arr[i]); threadToGo.set(1); } } }; } public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { MethodFive five = new MethodFive(); Helper.instance.run(five.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(five.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); }} CyclicBarrierAPI； CyclicBarrier可以实现让一组线程在全部到达Barrier时(执行await())，再一起同时执行，并且所有线程释放后，还能复用它,即为Cyclic。
CyclicBarrier类提供两个构造器：
public CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction) {}public CyclicBarrier(int parties) {} public class MethodFour{ private final CyclicBarrier barrier; private final List list; public MethodFour() { list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList ()); barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2,newBarrierAction()); } public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0, j=0; i < arr.length; i=i+2,j++) { try { list.add(arr[i]); list.add(arr[i+1]); barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { try { list.add(arr[i]); barrier.await(); } catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } private Runnable newBarrierAction(){ return new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Collections.sort(list); list.forEach(c->System.out.print(c)); list.clear(); } }; } public static void main(String args[]){ MethodFour four = new MethodFour(); Helper.instance.run(four.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(four.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); }} 这里多说一点，这个API其实还是利用lock和condition，无非是多个线程去争抢CyclicBarrier的instance的lock罢了，最终barrierAction执行时，是在抢到CyclicBarrierinstance的那个线程上执行的。 PipedInputStreamAPI；public class MethodSix { private final PipedInputStream inputStream1; private final PipedOutputStream outputStream1; private final PipedInputStream inputStream2; private final PipedOutputStream outputStream2; private final byte[] MSG; public MethodSix() { inputStream1 = new PipedInputStream(); outputStream1 = new PipedOutputStream(); inputStream2 = new PipedInputStream(); outputStream2 = new PipedOutputStream(); MSG = "Go".getBytes(); try { inputStream1.connect(outputStream2); inputStream2.connect(outputStream1); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void shutdown() throws IOException { inputStream1.close(); inputStream2.close(); outputStream1.close(); outputStream2.close(); } public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; private PipedInputStream in = inputStream1; private PipedOutputStream out = outputStream1; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); try { out.write(MSG); byte[] inArr = new byte[2]; in.read(inArr); while(true){ if("Go".equals(new String(inArr))) break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; private PipedInputStream in = inputStream2; private PipedOutputStream out = outputStream2; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { try { byte[] inArr = new byte[2]; in.read(inArr); while(true){ if("Go".equals(new String(inArr))) break; } Helper.print(arr[i]); out.write(MSG); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException { MethodSix six = new MethodSix(); Helper.instance.run(six.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(six.newThreadTwo()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); six.shutdown(); } BlockingQueue； 顺便总结下BlockingQueue的一些内容。
BlockingQueue定义的常用方法如下: add(Object)：把Object加到BlockingQueue里，如果BlockingQueue可以容纳，则返回true，否则抛出异常。offer(Object)：表示如果可能的话，将Object加到BlockingQueue里，即如果BlockingQueue可以容纳，则返回true，否则返回false。put(Object)：把Object加到BlockingQueue里，如果BlockingQueue没有空间，则调用此方法的线程被阻断直到BlockingQueue里有空间再继续。poll(time)：获取并删除BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象，若不能立即取出，则可以等time参数规定的时间，取不到时返回null。当不传入time值时，立刻返回。peek()：立刻获取BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象，但不从队列里删除，如果队列为空，则返回null。take()：获取并删除BlockingQueue里排在首位的对象，若BlockingQueue为空，阻断进入等待状态直到BlockingQueue有新的对象被加入为止。 BlockingQueue有四个具体的实现类：
ArrayBlockingQueue：规定大小的BlockingQueue，其构造函数必须带一个int参数来指明其大小。其所含的对象是以FIFO（先入先出）顺序排序的。LinkedBlockingQueue：大小不定的BlockingQueue，若其构造函数带一个规定大小的参数，生成的BlockingQueue有大小限制，若不带大小参数，所生成的BlockingQueue的大小由Integer.MAX_VALUE来决定。其所含的对象是以FIFO顺序排序的。PriorityBlockingQueue：类似于LinkedBlockingQueue,但其所含对象的排序不是FIFO，而是依据对象的自然排序顺序或者是构造函数所带的Comparator决定的顺序。SynchronousQueue：特殊的BlockingQueue，对其的操作必须是放和取交替完成的。这里我用了两种玩法：
peek和poll的不同来实现；take()会自动阻塞来实现。public class MethodSeven { private final LinkedBlockingQueue queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(); public Runnable newThreadOne() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); queue.offer("TwoToGo"); while(!"OneToGo".equals(queue.peek())){} queue.poll(); } } }; } public Runnable newThreadTwo() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { while(!"TwoToGo".equals(queue.peek())){} queue.poll(); Helper.print(arr[i]); queue.offer("OneToGo"); } } }; } private final LinkedBlockingQueue queue1 = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(); private final LinkedBlockingQueue queue2 = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(); public Runnable newThreadThree() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildNoArr(52); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i=i+2) { Helper.print(arr[i], arr[i + 1]); try { queue2.put("TwoToGo"); queue1.take(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } public Runnable newThreadFour() { final String[] inputArr = Helper.buildCharArr(26); return new Runnable() { private String[] arr = inputArr; public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { try { queue2.take(); Helper.print(arr[i]); queue1.put("OneToGo"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; } public static void main(String args[]) throws InterruptedException { MethodSeven seven = new MethodSeven(); Helper.instance.run(seven.newThreadOne()); Helper.instance.run(seven.newThreadTwo()); Thread.sleep(2000); System.out.println(""); Helper.instance.run(seven.newThreadThree()); Helper.instance.run(seven.newThreadFour()); Helper.instance.shutdown(); } 原文链接： 转载地址：http://rzxws.baihongyu.com/